The London Underground is frequently studied by academics because it is one of the largest, oldest, and most widely used systems of public transit in the world. Electrification was extended north from Harrow to Rickmansworth, and branches opened from Rickmansworth to Watford in 1925 and from Wembley Park to Stanmore in 1932. Most of the system is north of the River Thames, with six of the 32 London boroughs in the south of the city not served by the Underground. [171][172], The Central line was the first line to be modernised in the 1990s, with 85 new 1992-stock trains and a new automatic signalling system installed to allow Automatic Train Operation. Listed for each station is the line or lines serving it, the local authority and London Travelcard zone in which it is located, the date it opened, previous names and passenger usage statistics in millions per year.. [82] The stations have subsequently been praised as exemplary pieces of 20th century architecture. In some places, the tunnels are above each other (for example, the Central line east of St Paul's station), or the running tunnels are on the right (for example on the Victoria line between Warren Street and King's Cross St. Pancras, to allow cross-platform interchange with the Northern line at Euston). [13] The Travelcard ticket was introduced in 1983 and Oyster card, a contactless ticketing system, in 2003. London Underground services suffered severe disruption on Monday morning due to "power supply problems", Transport for London has said. Countries of the World - No Outlines Minefield. Coming in second for length and second for number of stations it serves (53), just like the ride itself this line is very much the second 2 Metropolitan line - 66.7km. 4 Northern line - 58km. [308] Johnston was adopted systemwide after the formation of the LPTB in 1933 and the LT wordmark was applied to locomotives and carriages. [299] The project was critically acclaimed, with the Royal Fine Arts Commission describing the project as "an example of patronage at its best and most enlightened", and two stations shortlisted for the Stirling Prize. Harlesden . On the Circle and Hammersmith & City lines . The system is composed of eleven lines - Bakerloo, Central, Circle, District, Hammersmith & City, Jubilee, Metropolitan, Northern, Piccadilly, Victoria, and Waterloo & City - serving 272 stations. Chiltern Railways shares track with the Metropolitan Line between Harrow-on-the-Hill and Amersham. 1940: People asleep on the platform of Holborn underground station during an air raid. [203] Fares for single journeys are cheaper than paper tickets, and a daily cap limits the total cost in a day to the price of a Day Travelcard. [62] They were not always a guarantee of safety however; on 11 January 1941 during the London Blitz, a bomb penetrated the booking hall of Bank Station, the blast from which killed 111 people, many of whom were sleeping in passage ways and on platforms. [335], The London Underground provides busking permits for up to 39 pitches across 25 central London stations, with over 100,000 hours of live music performed each year. The alterations to the ventilation system are important, not only to heat exchange, but also the quality of the air at platform level, particularly given its asbestos content. Hyde Park Corner is on the Northern Line. Clapham Common. This list includes all stations on the London Underground and Docklands Light Railway. On 10 January, The Metropolitan Railway opens the world's first underground railway, between Paddington (then called Bishop's Road) and Farringdon Street. Originally, air turbulence was kept to a minimum by keeping all signage flat to the tunnel walls. Police said they were called . London Underground, better known as the Tube, has 11 lines covering 402km and serving 272 stations. [152], There are 426 escalators on the London Underground system and the longest, at 60 metres (200ft), is at Angel. [39] In the early 20th century, the District and Metropolitan railways needed to electrify and a joint committee recommended an AC system, the two companies co-operating because of the shared ownership of the inner circle. Some stations were closed because of low passenger numbers rendering them uneconomical; some became redundant after lines were re-routed or replacements were constructed; and others are no longer served by the Underground but remain open to National Rail main line services. 1869. Lewisham previously had two Underground stations on the East London Line, but they are part of the London Overground network. The first section of the Metropolitan District Railway, from South Kensington to Westminster (now part of the District and Circle lines), opens. [336] Performers are chosen by audition, with previous buskers including Ed Sheeran, George Michael and Rod Stewart.[337]. [74] In 1976 the Northern City Line was taken over by British Rail and linked up with the main line railway at Finsbury Park, a transfer that had already been planned prior to the accident. ", "Elizabeth line: almost 50 years in the planning for Crossrail timeline", "Elizabeth line: Crossrail complete after decades of struggle", "Coronavirus: 40 London Underground stations to be closed", "London Underground: Nine Elms and Battersea Power Station set to open", "Northern Line extension: Two new Tube stations open", "150 London Underground facts (including the birth of Jerry Springer in East Finchley station)", "Which London Underground line is the fastest? [262][263], The current standard tube map shows the Docklands Light Railway, London Overground, Emirates Air Line, London Tramlink and the London Underground;[264] a more detailed map covering a larger area, published by National Rail and Transport for London, includes suburban railway services. King's Cross underground station is more popularly known as King's Cross St. Pancras, as two overground stations meet here. The London Underground (also known simply as the Underground or by its nickname the Tube) is a rapid transit system serving Greater London and some parts of the adjacent counties of Buckinghamshire, Essex and Hertfordshire in England. It was the UK's deadliest terrorist incident since 1988. The deepest station below sea level. London tram workers queue up for their pay at the tram subway in Kingsway, High Holborn on April 7 1930. The district line has the most station. London Underground patronage by line in 201617, Underground Electric Railways Company era, Services using former and current main lines, Sub-surface lines (District, Metropolitan, Hammersmith & City and Circle), The Metropolitan and District railways joint inner circle service started in the shape of a horseshoe, a complete loop was formed in 1884. Fares increased following a legal challenge but the fare zones were retained, and in the mid-1980s the Travelcard and the Capitalcard were introduced. [231][232], As of January2022[update], there are 90 stations with step-free access from platform to train,[154][233][234] and there are plans to provide step-free access at another 11 stations by 2024. [107], Fifty-five per cent of the system runs on the surface. 3. The LPTB commissioned many new station buildings, posters and public artworks in a modernist style. The nickname "Tube" comes from the circular tube-like tunnels through which the small profile trains travel. Stations. This, combined with segregation of trains at Camden Town junction, will allow 3036 trains per hour compared to 24 trains per hour currently. District Line The District Line has the most stations: 60. 1863. [139] New air-conditioned trains have been introduced on the sub-surface lines, but was initially ruled out for the tube trains due to space being considered limited on tube trains for air-conditioning units and that these would heat the tunnels even more. When the Bakerloo line opened in 1906, it was advertised with a maximum temperature of 60F (16C), but over time the tube tunnels have warmed up. [230], The standard issue tube map indicates stations that are step-free from street to platforms. 3 District line - 64km. Listed for each of the 273 stations are the lines serving it, local authority and the fare zone in which it is located,[note 1] the date it and any earlier main line service opened, previous names and passenger usage statistics in millions per year. [276] Crossrail will also be identified with a roundel. Although relatively modern and well within their design life, the trains need work in the medium term to ensure the continued reliability of the traction control equipment and maintain fleet serviceability until renewal, which is expected between 2028 and 2032. [138] In 2012, air-cooling units were installed on platforms at Green Park station using cool deep groundwater and at Oxford Circus using chiller units at the top of an adjacent building. For the album by Herbie Mann, see. The study had showed that, with new generation trains and re-signalling: The project is estimated to cost 16.42 billion (9.86billion at 2013 prices). [296] Few new stations were built in the 50 years after 1948, but Misha Black was appointed design consultant for the 1960s Victoria line, contributing to the line's uniform look,[297] with each station having an individual tile motif. Section 10 - Network Rail, London Underground - Individual Working Alone, Underground Electric Railways Company of London, Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway, Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway, The Rail Vehicle Accessibility (Non Interoperable Rail System) Regulations 2010, List of former and unopened London Underground stations, London Underground infrastructure: Ventilation and cooling, London Underground infrastructure: Lifts and escalators, Learn how and when to remove this template message, List of listed London Underground stations, Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, List of busiest London Underground stations, "About TfL What we do London Underground Facts & figures", "Public Transport Journeys by Type of Transport", "Annual Report and Statement of Accounts", "National Rail Enquiries London Underground", "An overview of the British rail industry", "London Underground: 150 fascinating Tube facts", "Why are there so few tube lines in South London? The line will be part of the New Tube for London Project. [300] Stations were built to the latest standards, future proofed for growth, with innovations such as Platform screen doors. The line runs 34 trains per hour for half an hour in the morning peak but is unable to operate more frequently because of a lack of additional trains. [192], The Underground received 2.669billion in fares in 2016/17 and uses Transport for London's zonal fare system to calculate fares. In others, such as British Museum, all evidence of the station has been lost through demolition. [171], New S Stock trains have been introduced on the sub-surface (District, Metropolitan, Hammersmith & City and Circle) lines. Underground map with the tube lines and stations, according to the current . Major work is to be undertaken on the fleet to ensure their continued reliability with brakes, traction control systems, doors, automatic control systems being repaired or replaced, among other components. [146][147] In 1921 a recorded voice instructed passengers to stand on the right and signs followed in the Second World War. [146] In the 1920s and 1930s many lifts were replaced by escalators. Its first section opened in 1863,[1] making it the oldest underground metro system in the world although approximately 55% of the current network is above ground,[2] as it generally runs on the surface in outlying suburbs. [137], In June 2006 a groundwater cooling system was installed at Victoria station. There were many instances of passengers collapsing whilst travelling, due to heat and pollution, leading for calls to clean the air through the installation of garden plants. [176][177], The eighty-six 1973 stock trains that operate on the Piccadilly line are some of the most reliable trains on the London Underground. [260] Although Fred H. Stingemore enlarged the central area of the map, it was Harry Beck who took this further by distorting geography and simplifying the map so that the railways appeared as straight lines with equally spaced stations. [88], In July 2005, four coordinated terrorist attacks took place, three of them occurring on the Tube network. [48] After the war, government-backed financial guarantees were used to expand the network and the tunnels of the City and South London and Hampstead railways were linked at Euston and Kennington;[49] the combined service was not named the Northern line until later. Search for Tube station or line (e.g. [298] Notable stations from this period include Moor Park, the stations of the Piccadilly line extension to Heathrow and Hillingdon. 14:18, Tue [3] It is operated by Transport for London (TfL). The London Underground has been running for 160 years. The 11 new stations were designed to be "Future-proof", with wide passageways, large quantities of escalators and lifts, and emergency exits. [83], In 2000, Transport for London (TfL) was created as an integrated body responsible for London's transport system. [46] At the time, the term Underground was selected from three other proposed names; 'Tube' and 'Electric' were both officially rejected. [143], Originally access to the deep-tube platforms was by a lift. The line is predicted to run 3036 trains per hour, up to a 50% increase compared to the 2425 train per hour service provided today. Private infrastructure companies (infracos) would upgrade and maintain the railway, and London Underground would run the train service. [318], The Johnston Sans letter font began appearing on posters from 1917. Access from platform to train at some stations can be assisted using a boarding ramp operated by staff, and a section has been raised on some platforms to reduce the step. [85][86], In the early 2000s, London Underground was reorganised in a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) as part of a project to upgrade and modernise the system. [269][270] The word "UNDERGROUND" was placed in a roundel instead of a station name on posters in 1912 by Charles Sharland and Alfred France, as well as on undated and possibly earlier posters from the same period. A route from Elephant & Castle to Lewisham via the Old Kent Road and New Cross Gate was chosen by Transport for London in 2019. The Piccadilly line will be part of the New Tube for London Project. 1868. The system is composed of eleven lines Bakerloo, Central, Circle, District, Hammersmith & City, Jubilee, Metropolitan, Northern, Piccadilly, Victoria, and Waterloo & City serving 272 stations. [36], While steam locomotives were in use on the Underground there were contrasting health reports. [212] Since 2010, the Freedom Pass has included an embedded holder's photograph; it lasts five years between renewals. [171][173][174], The signalling system on the Jubilee line has been replaced to increase capacity on the line by 20%the line now runs 30 trains per hour at peak times, compared to the previous 24 trains per hour. [340], This article is about the rapid transit system in London. [145] The first escalator on the London Underground was installed in 1911 between the District and Piccadilly platforms at Earl's Court and from the following year new deep-level stations were provided with escalators instead of lifts. [275] As of 2013[update], forms of the roundel, with differing colours for the ring and bar, are used for other TfL services, such as London Buses, Tramlink, London Overground, London River Services and Docklands Light Railway. [178][179], The line was upgraded with five new 1992-stock trains in the early 1990s, at the same time as the Central line was upgraded. This line is important in this project because it currently provides a less frequent service than other lines. [54] The Waterloo & City Railway, which was by then in the ownership of the main line Southern Railway, remained with its existing owners. [149] The first 'comb' type escalator was installed in 1924 at Clapham Common. [331] The Underground has also featured in music such as The Jam's "Down in the Tube Station at Midnight" and in literature such as the graphic novel V for Vendetta. [55] In the same year that the London Passenger Transport Board was formed, Harry Beck's diagrammatic tube map first appeared. Kings Cross St Pancras with 6. LONDON TUBE MAP. [44] Only the Metropolitan Railway, along with its subsidiaries the Great Northern & City Railway and the East London Railway, and the Waterloo & City Railway, by then owned by the main line London and South Western Railway, remained outside the Underground Group's control. 3. [98] Although not part of the Underground, the line connects with several Underground stations. The only London Underground stations in Zones 7 to 9 are on the Metropolitan line beyond Moor Park, outside London region. Part of the Greater London Authority, the TfL Board is appointed by the Mayor of London, who also sets the structure and level of public transport fares in London. wo men have been stabbed in broad daylight close to a north-west London Tube station. The trains have exceeded their design life of around 40 years and are in need of replacement. [17][18][19] The schematic Tube map, designed by Harry Beck in 1931, was voted a national design icon in 2006 and now includes other transport systems besides the Underground, such as the Docklands Light Railway, London Overground, Thameslink, the Elizabeth line, and Tramlink. The Underground is served by the following depots: In the years since the first parts of the London Underground opened, many stations and routes have been closed. The entire Victoria line was suspended from 7am, before . 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